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Agency
theory: its relevance to Tanzania's economic restructuring

Agricultural sector
development strategy

The
current state of external debt management in Tanzania

Fiscal
Impact of the Parastatal Sector in Tanzania: 1984-1995

Growth
and Structure of Tanzanian's Industrial Sector Investment and
Employment

Human
resource and institutional development in Africa: an
overview

Mageuzi ya kiuchumi
Tanzania

The Management of
Foreign Aid in Tanzania

Mapambano:
Harakati za Kuondoa Umaskini Nchini Tanzania

Matching
Managerial Skills and Behaviour with Business Strategy -
Revisited

Political
Interventions and Bank Failure in Pre-Liberalized Tanzania

Poverty reduction strategy
paper: progress report 2000/01

A
Reflection on the Context of Educational Reforms in 
Tanzania

Simplified
Customer-Oriented Information Technology for Railways in Developing
Countries: The Experience of Tanzania Railways Corporation

The
Small and Micro Enterprise Audit in Tanzania: Is it worth the Effort?
Evidence from an Exploratory Study

Socio-Economic
Impact of Privatisation: The Tanzania Experience

The
state of Tanzania's social sector in the development context
Agency
theory: its relevance to Tanzania's economic restructuring
The African Journal of
Finance and Mangement Vol. 9 No. 1
Jairo, Isayah J. / Institute of
Finance Management , 2000
Abstract:

Tanzania's current restructuring programme
entails not only private ownership but also a dispersion of ownership of
companies to a wider public of private entrepreneurs. This paper uses
agency theory to examine the contractual relationships between various
parties in these privatized companies. An exposition of agency problem
and costs is made and ways to reduce them are suggested and analyzed. The
relevance of the theory to the restructuring programme is also examined.
The paper analyses how privatization is going to define the agency
relationships, thereby enabling the application to agency theory in the
operations of these companies. This will mutually benefit both investors
and mismanagement in these companies by providing investment
opportunities and cheaper sources of capital respectively.
[ Full
text ]
Agricultural
sector development strategy
Tanzania United Republic ,
2001
[
Full text ] 

The
current state of external debt management in Tanzania

The African journal of
Finance and Management Vol. 9 No.1

Mjeme, Godwin G. The Institute of
Finance Management,2000

Abstract

The Highly Indebted Poor Countries
(HIPC) initiative mainly by the World Bank and the International Monetary
Fund has two features which distinuguish it from earlier attempts to deal
with the external debt problem of developing countries. First, unlike
earlier strategies which resorted to dealing with bilateral or
multilateral debt the HIPC initiative attempts to deal with the total
debt. Secondly, it recognices that the existence of poverty is a
constraint to servicing debt. This paper analyses the HIPC initiative in
the context of Tanzania, a poor debt stressed and developing country and
attempts to examine the country's indebtedness stance beyond the (HIPC)
initiative.
[
Full text ]

Fiscal
Impact of the
Parastatal
Sector in Tanzania: 1984-1995
The african journal of
Finance and Management Vol. 9 No. 1July 2000
Mushi, Richard / Institute of
Finance Management (IFM) , 2000
Abstract
:

The parastatal sector in Tanzania
grew at a tremendous pace in the last three decades. An inventory of the
sector done by the Parastatal Sector Reform Commission in the early 1
990s came up with a figure of 425 firms. The large number of firms is
also reflected in the large proportion of gross capital formation and
high share in waged -employment. The strength in numbers and level of
investment has not been matched with a positive fiscal impact on the
government sector. The parastatals have consumed a disproportionately
huge portion of the government's financial resources. Apart from failing
to generate surplus to be transferred to the government as dividends, it
continued to receive subsidies and grants to extend is survival,
Furthermore, it continued to enjoy high tax exemptions thus accentuating
further the government budgetary problems. On the external sector, the
parastatals have left the government with huge external debts that are
yet to be settled. The study has basically established the magnitude of
the net fiscal transfers from the government to the sector. The findings
tend to provide a further justification on the action talten by the
government to either privatize the solvent commercial firms or liquidate
the insolvent ones or restructure and rationalize the quasi-government
firms. It is concluded that the pace of closing the parasratals has to be
expedited to avoid further depletion of the remaining resources.
[
Full text ]
Growth
and Structure of Tanzanian's Industrial Sector Investment and
Employment
The African Journal of
Finance and Management Vol.8.No.2 January 2000
Shitundu, Joseph Dr. / Institute of
Finance Management (IFM) , 2000
Abstract
: 

Tanzania like many other Sub-Saharan African
countries is Being a formidable challenge of creating many employment
opportunities so as to he able to absorb, each year about 700, 000 new
entrants going into the job market or about 200, 000 individuals who seek
wage employment every year. Industrialization is one of the ways which
can help in dealing with this problem. Indeed the experiences of
South-East Asian countries show that industrial growth can contribute to
the creation of employment opportunities in a sustainable manner.
Tanzania's experience, however, show that the relatively high output
growth achieved during reforms since the mid 1 980s have not resulted
into such increased employment creation. This situation is probably a
reflection of the fact that the growth momentum achieved in Tanzania is
either inadequate or does not come from investment directed into the
labour intensive activities. This paper asserts that in order for the
industrial sector to contribute substantially and in a sustainable manner
to employment creation in Tanzania then, first the rate of industrial
investment must he increased and secondly the pattern of industrial
investment must be directed to labour intensive and agro-based industrial
activities. Tanzania being basically an agricultural c9untry such
investment will have a multiplier effect in terms or employment
generation partly due to the linkages effects, which such industries
might have to the rest of the economy
[
Full text ] 

Human
resource and institutional development in Africa: an overview
Paper presented at the
first Pan African Capacity Building Forum in Bamako, Mali. October 22nd -
24th, 2001
Wangwe, Samuel M Rweyemamu, Dennis
C / Economic and Social research Foundation (ESRF) , 2001
[
Full text ] 

The
Impact of Regulation and Supervision Compliance Costs to Financial
Institutions in Tanzania
The African journl of
Finance and Management Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2000
Satta, T.A. / Institute of Finance
Management (IFM) , 2000
Abstract :
The role of banks and financial
institutions in an economy is to provide means by which funds can he
transferred from surplus units in the economy to deficit units. While
playing this role, these institutions need to be regulated and supervised
in order to have safe and sound banking systems. If not well implemented,
however, these regulations entail substantial costs, which ultimately
affect the banking system's efficiency. This paper examines whether or
not supervision compliance costs are significant by applying regression
analysis to the collected primary data. The results confirm the
hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between bank earnings
and compliance costs. This relationship is, however, found not to be
strong. The computed coefficient of determination indicates that
compliance costs represent about 3% only of the bank earnings variation
in the country. This implies that a large proportion of the variation is
explained by other variables. 

[
Full text ] 

Mageuzi
ya kiuchumi Tanzania
Mada iliyowasilishwa
kwenye warsha ya viongozi wa matawi ya Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Viwanda,
Biashara, Taasisi za Fedha, Huduma na Ushauri(TUICO) na menegimenti ya
shirika la Hifadhi ya Jamii la Taifa (NSSF) Octoba 29,2001. Iringa
Rweyemamu, Dennis C.
/ Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) , 2001
[ Full
text ] 

The
Management of Foreign Aid in Tanzania
Wangwe, Samuel M. / Economic and
Social Research Foundation
Abstract :
The Management of Foreign Aid in
Tanzania. The paper was first prepared for the Economic Policy Workshop
organized by Economic Research Bureau and Department of Economics of
University of Dar es Salaam in 1997. It was later revised and produced as
a working paper. The paper analyzed foreign aid management in Tanzania.
The paper used secondary information and qualitative data from various
research studies, Government institutions and NGO s. Among others the
paper has examined trends in the volume of official development
assistance to Tanzania; changing forms of Aid; sectoral forms of Aid; and
the institutional framework for managing aid. In addition the paper has
addressed the management of Aid including aspects of effectiveness of
aid, capacity building, aid coordination and aid conditionally The paper
put forward the following main policy implications: First, management of
sectoral aid and budgetary support demand a greater capacity for
structural planning and management as well as budget management. Second,
aid relationship should be reviewed to determine new patterns of
partnerships in development on more equal terms. In particular, the
balance in terms of accountability, transparency, coordination and
conditionality needs to be improved so that both partners in development
play their new roles effectively. Research Coordinator: Prof. S.M Wangwe
Principal Researcher: Prof. S.M Wangwe Date: June 1997 Client:

[
Full text ] 

Matching
Managerial Skills and
Behaviour
with Business Strategy - Revisited
the African Journal of
Finance and Management Vol. 8 No. 2 January 2000
Mwanjabala, Edward D. / (IFM) ,
2000
Abstract :
The burgeoning literature on
matching managerial skills to business strategy is a testimony to the
fact that people now recognize the increasing importance of human
resources in creating value and sustaining the competitive advantage of a
firm. In the light of this, could employers in Tanzania follow this
approach? This paper looks at the selection methods used by organizations
in Tanzania and models of matching managerial skills to business strategy
advocated by a number of authors. The paper then concludes that matching
a manager to a business strategy needs learning. However managerial
characteristics are difficult to change as business change. At best the
matching concepts suits manual and technical jobs. 


[
Full text ] 

Political
Interventions and Bank Failure in Pre-Liberalized Tanzania
The African Journal of
Finance and Management Vol. 9 No. 1 July 2000
Chijoriga, Marcellina M. /
Institute of Finance Management (IFM)
Abstract :
Over the years there has been an
increase in the number of bank failures in both centralized and
decentralized economies. Internal reasons given for bank failures include
reckless lending, corruption, non use of prudent classification and risk
assessment methods, fraud and management deficiencies. External factors
such as deregulation; lack of information among bank customers;
homogeneity of the banking business, connections among banks do cause
bank failure. For centrally planned economies, government and political
interference in the banking operations and policies also contribute to
bank failure. Tanzania, which until recently had a centrally planned
economy, and the government having majority (51%) share holding in
parastatals and banks also experienced bank failure in the form of
non-performing assets (NPAs). By 1991, due to increased lending to
financially distressed parastatals and cooperative unions, the NBC
suffered large non-performing loans (NPAs) equal to 70% of the total bank
NPAs. Considering the high rate of NPA's suffered by NBC, this paper
tries to show that government and political interventions and the non-use
of prudent credit scoring methods had contributed to the NBC
failure.
[
Full text ] 

Poverty
reduction strategy paper
Progress report
2000/01
Tanzania United Republic ,
August, 2001
[ Full text
]
A
Reflection on the Context of Educational Reforms in Tanzania
Kiwia, Sixtus F.N. / University of
Dar es Salaam
Abstract :
This paper reviews the origins of
educational reforms in Tanzania and discusses reforms in the context of
the educational change process. The origin of educational reforms is
assumed to be closely related to the policy formulation and
implementation process. The reforms are conceptualized within the
framework of three perspectives on change. Policy formulation and
implementation are interpreted as complementary processes and it is
argued that inappropriate perception of the implementation process is
often the cause of failure in achieving the desired results from
educational reforms or policy initiatives. Acceptability or
non-acceptability of educational reforms are based on the question of
responsiveness and compliance of the different groups charged with
implementing the reforms. The co-operation of grassroot members and their
institutional leaders is also considered crucial in implementing the
reforms. Thus conflicts of interests have to be tolerated in order to
maintain a balance amongst conflicting parties in the reform 
process
[
Full text ] 

Simplified
Customer-Oriented Information Technology for Railways in Developing
Countries: The Experience of Tanzania Railways Corporation
Report by the UNCTAD
Secretariat
United Nations United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development , 2001
[
Full text ]
The
Small and Micro Enterprise Audit in Tanzania: Is it worth the Effort?
Evidence from an Exploratory Study
The African Journal of
Finance and Management Vol.8 no.2 January 2000
Kitindi, E. / Institute of Finance
Management (IFM) , 2000
Abstract
: 

The audit of small and micro-enterprises has,
for a long time, been of concern to many academics and practitioners
alike. Arguments have abounded as to whether the small enterprise audit
was worthwhile or not. Though both views existed, it was apparent that
small enterprise auditors did face problems in the small audit, albeit in
different forms and magnitude. Some countries allow small enterprises to
go un-audited. In the UK, a financial reporting standard for smaller
entities has been promulgated in an attempt to mitigate some of the
problems. This paper presents findings of an exploratory study conducted
in Tanzania in relation to problem met by small arid micro-enterprise
auditors. The study was motivated by the fact that, whereas elsewhere the
small audit problem is apparent and being dealt with in various ways, in
Tanzania there is an apparent lack of knowledge to any problems and their
effect on the auditor's work. The study thus sought, inter alia, to
confirm the existence of small audit problems, the nature of their
incidence, and their impact on the audit work. This was done by
soliciting responses to a number of potential audit problems. The results
suggest that most of the problems investigated did not occur frequently
although some were significant to the auditor's work. A tentative
conclusion is that, though small enterprises in Tanzania have similar
characteristics to those elsewhere, the incidence of SME audit problems
is perceived differently in the country~ Key works internal controls,
small and micro enterprises, auditing standards, accounting
standards.
[
Full text ]
Socio-Economic
Impact of
Privatisation:
The Tanzania Experience
The African Journal of
Finance and Management Vol 9 no. 1 July 2000
Mwandenga, Adam M. / institute of
Finance Management (IFM) , 2000
Abstract
: 

In Tanzania and during the short run period
privatisation has had both positive and negative effects to the economy.
The positive impact seems to outweigh the negative. Positive divestiture
results can be measured by the number of firms that have been divested,
performance of firms which have already been divested, performance of
firms, particularly those involved in the supply of public utilities
which for the time being remain in the public sector domain, and the
degree of competition enhanced by privatisation in general. Negative
divestiture results seem to hinge primarily on the number of retrenches.
This factor call for further research to quantity the exact amount of
loss of job opportunities, since there are cases where divestiture led to
an increase in job opportunities. Indeed there are also cases where some
of the retrenched were redeployed.
[ Full
text ]
The
state of Tanzania's social sector in the development context
Paper presented during
the CSSC stakeholders consultation in Bagamoyo, Tanzania Nov. 2nd
2001
Wangwe, Samuel M Rweyemamu, Dennis
C / Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF) , 2001
[ Full
text ] 

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