tanzania-online Mailing List Archive: Tanzania-Online> Monthly Current Awareness List - July
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next]
[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
- Subject: Tanzania-Online> Monthly Current Awareness List - July
- From: abdallah hassan <ahassan@xxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 15:03:04 +0300
Tanzania Online
Monthly Current Awareness List
July, 2001
Here are our latest additions to Tanzania Online, the
gateway to information on development issues in Tanzania. All
documents are available free on the Internet at the address
www.tzonline.org
The list is provided with a link that leads you to full details of the documents. You can also receive these documents by email (see the end of this list for instructions on how to use this service).
Adoption of rainwater harvesting technologies by farmers in Tanzania with particular reference to the western pare lowlands.
Tanzania Journal for Agriculture Vol.2 No.2, 1999
Senkondo, E.M.M; Lazaro, E.A; Kajiru, G.J. / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
Adoption of technology is an important factor in economic development. Successful introduction of technologies in the developing countries requires an understanding of the priorities and concerns of the smallholder farmers at the grassroots. This paper presents experience of adoption studies in the western Pare Lowlands, identifying the factors affecting adoption, constraints to adoption and methodological problems in studying adoption of RWH technologies. A survey approach was the main method used to collect the data from a sample of 86 farmers. The data collected ware analysed using descriptive statistics and estimation of empirical model to determine the factors affecting adoption of RWH technologies. The empirical model used was logit regression. Important factors affecting the adoption of RWH were identified as number of plots owned by farmers and the sex of the head of household. Constraints in the adoption of RWH technologies were noted including constraints facing those who are already using the RWH technologies. Problem facing the users include difficulties with water distribution. Two important recommendations are made: First because adoption of technologies by farmers takes time, there is a need for collecting a series of data (separated in time) about adoption should also consider the time element. Secondly, since the main constraints to adoption is lack of technical knowledge, it is recommended that training of extension workers in RWH techniques and including RWH in the district extension package will reduce the problem of availability of technical knowledge to farmers.
[ Full text ]
Agricultural project planning in Tanzania: a handbook on cycles and sequences, participation, identification, planning and design, economic and financial analysis, and environmental assessment of agricultural projects.
Howlett, David Nagu, Joseph / Institute of Development Management Development and project planning centre DFID , 1997
[ Full text ]
Agricultural research, technology development, transfer, uptake and adoption in Tanzania: past and future outlook for the next millennium
Proceedings of FoA 4, 1999
Mtenga, L.A.; Massawe, N.F.; Kurwijila R.L. / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
The paper looks at the role of research and development in Tanzania s agricultural development. A brief historical account on type and methods that have been applied in agricultural research since pre-independence era is given. A general observation that agricultural research had had little impact on Tanzania s agriculture forms a basis for an analysis of why has been so. It is contended that poor research-extension linkage is only one of the many factors hindering adoption of improved technologies by farmers. The social economic and social-cultural environment under which farmers operate could hamper adoption of potentially useful technologies developed by researchers. The paper looks at some case studies of technology transfer programme in Tanzania pointing out reasons for failure or success. It is argued that participatory research method that takes into account the farmers needs and perceived options for addressing bottlenecks is requires for drastic transformation of agriculture that is required in Tanzania. The paper ends by posing some self evaluation questions regarding researchers knowledge of farmers needs, researcher competence and whether or not enough is known as to which are the most critical bottlenecks to agriculture development in Tanzania and the best way these bottlenecks could be addressed by ways other than just research and technology development, transfer, adoption, and dissemination.
AIDS in Africa during the nineties: Tanzania
a review and analysis of surveys and research studies
Tanzania United republic / Bureau of Statistics Measure National AIDS control programme , 2001
[ Full text ]
An assessment of trend of trends in child mortality estimates in Tanzania during the nineties: a summary
Measure Evaluation
Abstract :
Comparing the results of the TRCHS 1999 with the TDHS 1996 suggests that child mortality in Tanzania has increased. Yet, five-year trends within the TRCHS suggest the opposite. How should these trends be interpreted? This brief summarizes the results of an analysis that investigated why there are differences in mortality between the two surveys and how the overall trend should be interpreted [1].
[ Full text ]
Changing lifestyles in farming societies of Sukumaland: Kwimba district, Tanzania
De-agrarianisation and rural employment network: ASC working paper 27/1998
Madulu, Ndalahwa F. / Afrika-Studiecentrum Institute of Resource Assessment , 1998
Abstract :
This paper examines the changing lifestyle in rural Sukumaland. A case study of two villages in Kwimba District is used to demonstrate the nature and extent of the change in life patterns and resource control at the household level. Farming in Sukumaland constitutes an economic livelihood and a social identity. Almost everybody in the rural areas identifies himself/herself as a farmer. There is a widespread belief that food self-sufficiency is an important indicator of material wealth and prosperity. In other words, the value of man is in food production. Throughout Kwimba District, land is distributed at the family level through the traditional land tenure system. However, land has increasingly become scarce due to population pressure and migration flows of people to other areas are on the increase. Traditionally, Sukuma investment was directed at building up livestock and farms which were a source of pride and prestige. Recent developments have necessitated both social and economic change. Among youth, for example, investment is largely directed towards better housing and trade rather than to cattle and farming. Such conditions create a conflict of interest and investment between the two generations. The attitudes of youth to farming are a clear indicator of the shrinking agricultural sector at least in terms of investments and labour allocation. This change may be influenced by many factors such as increasing levels of education, availability of alternative economic opportunities, non-sustainable agricultural conditions, resource scarcity and rapid population growth.
[ Full text ]
Changing village land, labour and livelihoods: Rungwe and Kyela districts, Tanzania
De- agrarianisation and rural employment network
Mwamfupe, Davis , 1998
Abstract :
This paper presents the findings of a field study carried out in Rungwe and Kyela districts of Mbeya region as part of the Beyond the Shamba Research Project jointly undertaken by the Institute of Resource Assessment at the University of Dar es Salaam and the Afrika-Studiecentrum, University of Leiden. Rungwe and Kyela districts, located in south-western Tanzania and proximating to the Malawian and Zambian borders, have long been recognised for their great agricultural potential. Now, however, rural population densities have reached critical levels and villagers are experimenting with various non-agricultural activities alongside their agricultural work. The main objectives of the study were to examine the changing features of household control over resources such as land, labour and capital and to document the evolution of non-agricultural labour activities. Changing patterns of land and labour allocation between generations within rural households are explored in relation to these themes.
[ Full text ]
Coconut palm replacement model for Tanzania farming systems
Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development Vol 3, June 1999
Mwinjaka, S; Chiduza, C; Temu, A.E; Sukume, C.; Dichl, L. , 1999
Abstract :
The major contributing factor to low and constantly declining productivity of coconut palm worldwide is senility. Over 75% of coconuts in Tanzania are more 45 years old, and amongst these there many above 60 years. This affects productivity negatively. It is possible to improve yield from coconut palm field by applying and appropriate replacement strategy. This paper presents results of a mathematical model aimed at determining the appropriate replacement time for coconut palms in coastal Tanzania. Data was collected from Tanga, Coast and Dar es Salaam Region. A total of 592 palms were assessed and their yield estimated. Linear regression equations suggest a production pattern where there is a low yield pick-up in the early ages (10-20 years) it increases at a fast rate in the intermediates age (20-40 years) and production declines beyond 50 years. palms have highest yield at 42 and 38 years in Coast/Dar es Salaam and Tanga Regions respectively. A dyanamic programming model indicates that the optimal replacement age is 66 years. Up to this plant age , the farmer is guaranteed profit if he/she adheres to recommended palm stands husbandry practices.
[ Full text ]
Coming full circle: agriculture, non-farm activities and the resurgence of out-migration in Njombe district, Tanzania
De-agrarianisationand rural employment network: ASC working paper 26/1998
Mung'ong'o, C.G. / Afrika-Studiecentrum Institute of Resource Assessment , 1998
Abstract :
This report presents the findings of research carried out between December 1996 and December 1997 in two villages in Lushoto District which formed a part of the Beyond the Shamba research project undertaken by the Institute of Resource Assessment of the University of Dar es Salaam and the Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden, funded by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This study is one of four regional studies of agricultural and non-agricultural activities and their change over time within Tanzanian villages. As such there was a standardised research methodology that is outlined in the Appendix. It involved a general broad survey of individuals within the selected villages to determine the pattern of non-agricultural activities over time, a survey of existing non-agricultural enterprises within the village, a survey of Standard Seven school children's career expectations and attitudes towards work, and an in-depth survey of career patterns of different generations within selected households. Two villages were surveyed: Igosi, a high altitude maize, wheat and pyrethrum-growing village, and Mtwango-Lunguya, a maize-growing village situated along a main road. The report is divided into three main sections consisting of background about the study area, village profiles, survey findings regarding the local economy, agricultural and non-agricultural production, migration patterns, associational ties, social relations between generations and prospects for agricultural development, followed by a conclusion which includes an analytical summary of findings and recommendations arising from the research.
[ Full text ]
Comparative economic adavantage analysis of alternative agricultural production options in Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Agriculture Vol.1 No.1 1998
Mbiha, R.R; Turuka, F.M; Temu,A.E; Mdoe, N.S.Y; Mlabiti, M.E. / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1998
Abstract :
The objective of this paper was to analyze the comparative agricultural economic advantage and extent of policy distortion in alternative agricultural production activities in various agro-ecological zones and farming systems, in Tanzania. The Domestic Resource Coast (DRC) ration derives from the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to evaluate comparative economic advantage. The methodology was also used to evaluate effective protection and trade patterns using Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC) and Effective Protection Coefficient (EPC) as measures of policy distortion. Data was collected from selected location in a number of agro-ecological zones and farming systems in Tanzania. Domestic Resource Costs for Southern Highlands coffee (DRC=0.991),Western zone cotton (DRC=0.60) and Morogoro rice (DRC = 0.97) were less than one. On the other hand DRCs for Northern highlands coffee (DRC = 1.98) and Morogoro maize (DRC = 1.47) were greater than one. These results suggest that Tanzania possesses comparative advantage in the production of Southern Highlands coffee. Western Zone cotton and Morogoro rice. The country has comparative disadvantage in production of northern highlands coffee and Morogoro maize. Wide variations in comparative advantage. Shown emanate from differences in resource and biophysical conditions, farming systems, technology levels and tenure arrangements. In general the measures of distortion (NPCs and EPCs) indicate that government price policy protected food crops while cash crops (except northern zone coffee) were taxed. Given these results, effective measures to alleviate production constraints and improve gross margins must be instituted in order to motivate farmers to increase resource allocation to the crops for which specific location have comparative disadvantage.
[ Full text ]
Constraints to capital market development and growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Tanzania
EAGER policy brief, number 56/ February 2001
Equity and Growth through Economic Research (EAGER) USAID
/ Ziorklui, Sam Senbet, Lemma W. Mussonda, Flora , 2001
Abstract :
In the 1980s and 1990s many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) embarked on financial sector reforms that featured structural adjustment programs targeting their financial system in order to enhance savings mobilization and credit allocation to the private sector for growth and poverty alleviation. However, a decade after the reforms, critics argue that the reforms have had little impact on capital markets, failing to remove many of the constraints that militate against the development of a functioning capital market. The objective of this study is to examine the various problems that constrain the development of functioning capital markets in SSA in general and Tanzania in particular. The study also examines the impact of the government s recent policy changes on capital market development and the operations of non-banking financial institutions that intermediate the capital markets. The study analyzed the link between capital market development indices and the real sector growth in Tanzania. The issues of capital market regional integration and globalization are also examined with regard to the policy implications. The study also addresses the impact of policy changes on equity and poverty alleviation in Tanzania.
[ Full text ]
Contribution on non-farm and farm enterprises to rural poverty alleviation in South-Western Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, vol. II No. 1 1999
Kihiyo, Vincent B.M.S; Kayunze, Kim A.; Makundi, Flora L.K / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
[ Full text ]
Costs of different factors of production in Zanzibar
Zanzibar Revolutionary Government , 2000
[ Full text ]
A critical assessment of research on selected environmental resources in Tanzania: agroforestry and water management
Semoka, Johnson M.R / Sokoine University of Agriculture
Abstract :
A critical evaluation of past research and current projects on agroforestry and water management in Tanzania is presented. In agroforestry 22 research projects focusing on aspects such as selection of trees species for agroforestry. the role of argroforestry in soil fertility maintenance and amelioration of unfavorable soil conditions and developing appropriate systems of free-crop combinations have been undertaken. Some of these projects are still in progress. In soil water management few studies have been undertaken focusing on the soil-plan t-atmosphere continuum. Fragmentary and some site specific data on components of this continuum have been obtained. It is recommend that research programmes in both areas be strengthened. In agroforestry research activities should be extended assess the contribution of roots and mycorrhizal associations of trees to soil fertility maintenance, include indigenous frees specters in the selection of multipurpose free species for use in agroforestry find assess the role of agroforestry in soil conservation In soil water management a coherent list of broad research topics has been proposed to enable the development of a more meaningful research programme. In both areas, differences in agroecological zones should be considered in planning and executing research pejects to areole efficient utilization of resources by avoiding unnecessary duplication. In addition both areas require increases in funding and training of personnel. finally efforts to disseminate the technologies developed to farmers should be intensified.
[ Full text ]
Cultural Policy
Policy statements
Tanzania United Republic / Ministry of Education and Culture , 1997
[ Full text ]
The Dar es Salaam informal sector 1995: Volume II
Survey operational and technical report: STAT working papers, no. 98-1
Tanzania United Republic; / ILO; UNDP; SIDA; The Planning Commission Ministry of labour and youth Development , 1998
[ Full text ]
Development challenges and strategies for Tanzania: an agenda for the 21 century
Lucian, A. Msambichaka; Moshi, Humphrey P.B; Mtatifikolo, Fidels P / University of Dar es Salaam
Abstract :
What are Tanzania's challenges, strategies, priorities and prospects for development as we enters the 21st century? This is the fundamental question which repeatedly appears in each paper in this book. It is around this basic question that contributors in this book have tried to identify those factors which would raise Tanzania's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), generate employment opportunities and accelerate development. The topics discussed in this book are diverse because development process entails more than the economic theory of production. Reading across the papers all of them urge that there should be a more efficient management of the public sector, a better analysis of policies, better choice of policy instruments and the use of the market as an appropriate means of development towards the 21st century.
[ Full text ]
Development levy and rural women in Tanzania: a case of Dodoma rural
Agder College - Institute of Development Management collaboration, research report no. 7
Tembe, Eulalia T. Lande, Gunvor / Institute of Development Management Mzumbe (IDM Mzumbe) Adger College , 1996
[ Full text ]
Development strategies poverty reduction initiatives: analytical discussion with applications to Tanzania
Mtatifikolo, Fidels; Mabele, Robert
Abstract :
This paper is about development strategies and poverty reduction initiatives, using Tanzania as a case study. Poverty is defined and operationalised in the global context, with poverty in Africa being characterised as "mass poverty". In Tanizania poverty is rampant and largely rural even though the urban areas are not as such rich. Urban poverty is worse in smaller towns than in the capital, Dar Es Salaam. Current poverty reduction initiatives distinguish between strategic and operational-level efforts. Regarding strategic efforts, Tanzania has had explicit policies in the recent Reform Programme and Rolling Plans. Operational-level initiatives see combined interventions, at grassroots level, of the Government, the Donor Community and the NGOs. Recommendations emphasise continuity and consolidation of processes in which the poor themselves are the primary actors Participatory methods to poverty assessment and poverty reduction should guide policy and practice.
[ Full text ]
Do family planning services providers in Tanzania unnecessarily restrict access to contraceptive methods?
Speizer, Ilene S.
Abstract :
Context: Medical barriers can limit the use of family planning services, even in situations where family planning services are physically accessible and economic barriers are few. This study investigates the presence of four types of medical barriers among providers at government family planning service delivery points in Tanzania: overspecialization, eligibility restrictions, process hurdles, and provider bias. Methods: Data from the 1996 Tanzania Service Availability Survey are used in the study. Barriers are analyzed by type of provider, type of facility, and urban/rural location. Estimates of the proportion of facilities that are "barrier-f ree" are also made. Results: A relatively high proportion of provider's restrict eligibility by age, particularly for oral contraceptives, the most widely used method by Tanzanian women. Restrictions were also observed according to a woman's marital status, parity, and spousal consent. Medical aides, trained midwives, MCH aides, and auxiliary staff, the most common type of family planning service provider in rural areas, were the most likely to impose age restrictions (79 to 81 percent) for the pill. Ten to 13 percent of providers reported that there was at least one modern method that they would never recommend, and 40 percent reported inappropriate process hurdles in the provision of hormonal methods. In the aggregate, these restrictions and hurdles se verily limit access to contraceptives for certain groups of women. Young, unmarried, non-menstruating women, for example, would encounter one or more barriers or process hurdles at more than 70 percent of urban and 80 percent of rural facilities. Conclusions: Although the Tanzanian National Family Planning Program has made considerable progress in improving access to family planning services in the 1990s, further efforts are needed to reduce and ultimately eliminate unnecessary p rovider restrictions to contraceptive use. Compliance with the National Family Planning Program's service guidelines and standards would seem to be in need of greater emphasis in pre- and in-service training and during supervisory visits.
[ Full text ]
The dynamics of population, land scarcity, agriculture and non-agricultural activities: west Usambara Mountains, Lushoto district, Tanzania
De- agrarianisation and rural employment network
Jambiya, George / Afrika-Studiecentrum Institute of Resource Assessment , 1998
[ Full text ]
The dynamics of the urbanization forces in Tanzania and related policy and research issues
Mtatifikolo, Fidelis P. / University of Dar es Salaam
Abstract :
This paper is about the dynamic of the urbanization forces in Tanzania. In five sections the paper (i) provides an operationalization of some basic concepts in the relevant literature, (ii) traces the history and main features of urbanization in Tanzania, and (iii) discusses the dynamics of the urbanization processes (iv) covers government policies on urbanization and (v) provides a framework for policy and research issues on the topic as relevant for Tanzania. Some of the major findings show that the history and location of major urban areas was a creation of colonisers, Gennany and Britain. However, under colonialism processes of urbanization (and migration) were strictly controlled and urban growth did not evolve into 'a crisis' since it was organically linked to the whole colonial Political Economy. The second observation is that urban growth especially after independence and the relaxation of controls on migrations and settlements resulted mainly from rural-urban migration Dar es Sal aam is judged as a 'crisis' area in terms of its high rate of growth and serious imbalances between its economy and the population (not only in relation to other towns in Tanzania but also in relation to other countries in similar stages of development). Other features in many urban centres raise 'sensitive concerns, like the displacement of indigenous 'tribes' by other settlers from within and outside the country, the squatter and object poverty in many pockets of urban settlements, and the high unemployment and crime rates especially in unplanned neighborhoods. Government policies, tried in various combinations of 'carrots and sticks' (both explicit and implicit, are evaluated and seen to have largely failed. Such policies centred around' growth pole' strategies, specific function urban designation strategies, the Incomes Policy strategies (carrots), and regulatory (coercive) measures. The Policy questions and research issues raised centre on the need to (1) work out a policy framework and action plan for an optimal minimal sizes for urban 'take-off' to reduce parasitic vision associated with current urban centres (2) provide for a policy on resource balances through public revenue and expenditure programmes on urban development (3) conduct research on optimal balances between persuasive and coercive measures in urbanization processes and (4) address seemingly sensitive issues (e.g., internal dynamics with respect to tribal and ethnic mixes, gender issues, poverty and squatting, and crime waves) in urbanization processes, aspects gradually being shelved off or even being ignored by census designers in recent times.
[ Full text ]
Education sector reform programme(For TAS 2000)
Tanzania United Republic , 2000
[ Full text ]
The effects of unavailability of technical storage facilities to the marketing of fruits and vegetables for economic development in Morogoro rural and urban districts
Proceeding of FoA conference Vol.4, 1999
Kasimila, B.J. Wambura, R.M. Nnko, S.A.M / Sokoine University of Agriculture
, 1999
Abstract :
Fruits and vegetables are basically horticultural products, which deteriorate fast after harvest. They are characterized by high moisture contents and tenderness. These fruits and vegetables had every low profile in Morogoro region in the past, but since 1998s they are increasingly becoming strategic products because they provide employment and contribute to family income. This paper is based on the others study in 1998 on the effects of the unavailability of the technical storage facilities to the marketing of fruits and vegetables for economic development in the two districts . The study focused on the major causes of fruits and vegetables losses and on determination of the trend and constraints pertaining to the fruits and vegetables production and marketing. Primary data were obtained through interviews with randomly selected fruits and vegetable farmers, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Other data were obtained through group discussions with key informants and personal observations and notes. The data analysis employed the use of descriptive statistics. The main losses identified were both qualitative and quantitative resulting from damages occurring mainly during transportation and unavailability of technical storage facilities at the markets. The paper concludes that Morogoro rural and urban districts seriously lack transport and storage facilities for horticultural products. Intervention strategies that have to be taken to district are presented.
[ Full text ]
Evaluation and promotion of rainwater harvesting in semi-arid areas of Tanzania
Research project: 2nd interim technical report
Hatibu, N; Mahoo, G.F; Kayombo, B; Ussiri, D.A.N / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1995
[ Full text ]
Evaluation of contour barriers for soil and water conservation in Western pare low land, Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Agriculture Vol.2 No.2, 1999
Rwehumbiza, F.B.R; Hatibu, N; Kishebuka, S.R / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
A study was undertaken in Mwanga District in the Western Pare Low Lands (WPLL) for seven seasons (1993-19990 to investigate the performance of three soil and water conservation techniques with regard to the production of maize, on land with 8% slope. Conservation treatments were, stone binding (SB), contour ridging (CR), and live barriers (LB). Control treatments were flat cultivation (FC) and zero tillage (ZT). The treatment had no significant effect on profile moisture content. However, average over entire study period and during long rains. SB,CR, and LB performed equally well with grain yield of between 2.5 to 2.7 tons per hectare. Flat Cultivation had 2.2 tons hectare while ZT had only 1.7 tons ha. Between treatment and during short rains, grain yield varies with in a very narrow range of 0.8 to 0.9 tons ha. If the 1997/98 seasons which was abnormal (El Nino rains) is excluded, overall mean grain yield would be very low at 0.3 tons ha. Stone bunding and live barrier treatments has an additional advantage in that the barriers (5m apart) had over the year s been transformed into bench terraces. Given the small increment in yield, which was realized, the techniques cannot be recommended for moisture conservation in this agro-ecological zone. However, since the barriers were effective in controlling soil crip down slope, they could be recommended as a long-term strategy for soil erosion control where this is considered a threat.
[ Full text ]
Expecting too much from the rural development projects: a case of the Iringa nutrition project
Proceeding of FoA conference Vol.4, 1999
Msuya, J.M.; Kinabo, J.L / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
The Iringa Nutrition Project (INP) supported jointly by the Government of Tanzania and UNICEF was started in 1984 as one way to improve rural livelihood. It was implemented in Iringa region because it was found that despite good food supply in the region, there were still high rates of malnutrition among children. The present study was carried out in Thirty-nine villages of Ludewa and Iringa districts to evaluate the performance of the INP. Child growth and nutrition status data for the period between 1984 and 1992 were used. Indicators of project outcome included success in lowering the proportion of malnourished children and extent of coverage (number of children reached.) in addition, regression analysis was used in identifying the community characteristics that were responsible for determining rate of malnutrition changes in the study area. It was observed that 10 percent of the 39 villages in the project area were able to maintain a downward trend in malnutrition during the period 1984-86 and18 percent in 1987-92 period. None of the villages was able to sustain a continues downward trend for the entire period of nine years (1984 to 1992). The regression analysis revealed that malnutrition declined significantly in those words where the rates of malnutrition declined significantly in those wards where the rates of malnutrition were highest at the out of the project. In addition Dominant cropping system and population size indirectly affected the capability to improve nutrition through their influence impact on improving the nutritional status of children in Iringa. This implies that, while the use of projects o combat malnutrition in poor countries may still be inevitable, we should not expect too much from these projects.
[ Full text ]
Factors influencing adoption of soil conservation technologies in Tanzania: a case study in Gairo
Proceedings of FoA conference Vo.4, 1999
Kalineza, H.M.M; Mdowe, N.S.Y; Mlonzi, M.R.S / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
Factors that influence smallholder farmers decision to adopt soil conservation practices were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Data for the study were collected from 114 randomly selected households from four villages in Gairo division. The results of descriptive analysis suggested that technology related factors such as labour requirement and perceived technology benefits influence the adoption of soil conservation practices. Results of the logistics analysis suggest that farmers who obtained knowledge on soil conservation through extension/training seminars as well as those with secure land ownership are likely to adopt soil conservation technologies. Two broad policy implications emerge from the findings of this study. The first implication is that there is a need to provide extension education that demonstrates relative benefits of various land conservation technologies to stimulate their adoption. The second implication which emerge from the significance of land ownership in adoption of soil conservation practices is the need for a clear land policy that provides rights of owning land among smallholder farmers. Secure land rights will promote investments on land such as adoption of soil conservation practice.
[ Full text ]
Farmer's participation in village development activities: the role of agricultural and livestock development institutions in Tanzania
Proceedings of FoA conference Vol.4,1999
Wambura, R.M.; Rutatora, D.F. / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
Increasingly, it is recognized that participatory extension generates widespread and sustainable results. Participation in extension focuses on joint decision making with regard to problem analysis, solution planning, activities implementation an devaluation of results . The paper is based on a study done in 1998 on Strengthening Farmer Participation in Village Development Activities: The role of Agriculture and Livestock Development Institutions (MATIs/LITLs) in Tanzania . Data were obtained through interviews with MATL/LITI tutors, field extension agents and randomly selected farmers and notes fro selected discussions with key informants, and observations. The findings indicated that most institutes had farmers training sections despite the fact that there were difficulties in farmer training: and that there was a possibility of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) to establish formal collaborative links with Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MAC) on extension services using MATLs and LITIs
[ Full text ]
Farmers forum for food security: Proceedings of the first farmers forum for the Southern Highlands Zone held at the Nazareth Youth Centre, Njombe 13-15 November 2000
Food security and household income for smallholder farmers in Tanzania: applied research with emphasis on women
Sokoine University of Agriculture / Tanzania Agriculture Research Project Phase Two , 2000
[ Full text ]
From policy- engineered development to the policy of no policy: the influence of policy reform of the 1990s on poverty alleviation in Tanzania
Kapinga, David S.
Abstract :
Tanzania's rural sector is one of the most researched in Africa. The country/s' bias toward the rural sector contrary to the spirit of the 1950s and 1960s, and particularly its adoption of ujamaa, attracted interest from both the west and the East. A casual scan through much of the literature on Tanzania shows that mast commentator were of the opinion that the country's development was heavily influenced by the ruling party's propensity for formulating public policies particularly on rural development. Rural development as a multi-sectorial approach to the alleviation of rural poverty has always emphasized state intervention. But policy reforms initiated by the international Financial Institutions (IFIS) since the mid-I 1980s and particularly in the 1990s discouraged direct state investment in both the productive and social services sectors. This paper looks at the implications of such policy reversal on poverty alleviation in rural Tanzania. Using the implementation of the village producer cooperatives policy (VPs) of 1985, this paper argues for enhanced state participation In rural people's endeavors for self-development. State participation includes the formulation of appropriate policies and development strategies on the basis of the current international economic and political situation and the rural people's felt needs and aspirations
[ Full text ]
Gender consideration, priorities and strategies in the time of crisis: Tanzania's experience with el nino rains (1998)
Uongozi Journal of Management Development Vol. 11 No.2 1999
GeIIejah, Sabina PM. / Institute of Development Management (IDM)
, 1999
Abstract :
The re-emergence of the EI-Nino phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean pointed to a strong possibility of global havoc of disasters, ranging from drought to floods, sink holes to landslides. This paper presents an analysis of the trend of events In Tanzania at the time when most parts of the country were experiencing floods from the El-Nino rains of November 1997/98. The analysis focuses on strategies used in dealing with the crisis, priorities and criteria for the same, and gender considerations.
[ Full text ]
Gender imbalance: an evil to entrepreneurship development
Uongozi Journal of Management Development, Vol.II No. 2 1999
Kikula J.S / of , 1999
Abstract :
Gender imbalance has in a way been identified as one of the hindrances for entrepreneurship development. in fact women entrepreneurs are not sufficiently represented in the business sector in a wide range of countries. There is a mixed trend with same countries displaying a positive trend while others, (the majority), displaying a decline in the number or women involved Into business. The author of this paper contends that gander imbalance 'is an evil to entrepreneurship development" the effect of which is seen or reflected in the set of bias that inhibits women entry into entrepreneurship development. The paper has given an analysis of trend in women self employment, cultural hostility professional and occupational opportunity constraint, access to resources and managerial attitudes as the set of bias Inter alia leading to entrepreneurial under development. The paper gives a general observation of the situation in Institutions in Tanzania and legal move towards alleviating the biasness,
[ Full text ]
Gender issues in the Tandem project with the folk development colleges (FDCs) in Tanzania 1991 to 1996: an evaluation
Uongozi Journal of Management Development, Vol. II No. 2 1999
Riwa, Colman C.M / Uongozi Journal of Management Development , 1999
Abstract :
The Tandem project was a Swedish international Development Agency (SIDA) which funded a comprehensive development programme for the FDC sector of the Ministry of Community Development Women Affairs and Children (MCD WA C) which had four components. A teacher training programme, a training of trainers programme, a management programme and a skills training programme. These components cannot exclude gender. The paper starts by presenting gender context in Tanzania in terms of employment, decision making and education. The gender strategies of the FDCs are juxtaposed against the country's gender context and it is observed that SIDA and MCD WAC ought to have learnt from the country' context in order to incorporate gender issues adequately into the Tandem project.
[ Full text ]
Growth and Equity: gemstone and gold mining in Tanzania
EAGER policy brief number 56/ February 2001
Phillips, Lucie Colvin Sezinga, Rogers Semboja, Haji Kahyarara, Godius / Equity and Growth through Economic Research (EAGER) , 1997
Abstract :
The Government of Tanzania can promote economic growth and socioeconomic equity by establishing and enforcing a zoning plan that balances development of modern and small-scale mining. To create a business climate that is safe, legal, efficient and competitive, the government should continue developing policies and regulations that encourage mining and should make investments in infrastructure to facilitate business activities. Finally, the government should support value-added activities through policy reform, market information, and small business development
[ Full text ]
Guidelines for monitoring and evaluation during mid-term plan III, 2000 - 2002
Tanzania United Republic
/ National AIDS Control Programme , 2000
[ Full text ]
Guidelines to investors
Zanzibar Revolutionary Governement / Zanzibar investment promotion agency (ZIPA) , 2001
[ Full text ]
How well do perceptions of family planning service quality correspond to objective measures? Evidence from Tanzania
Speizer, Ilene S.
/ Measure Evaluation , 1999
Abstract :
This study examines the objective determinants of perceptions of facility quality. The underlying assumption is that perceptions of family planning facilities have the key effects on whether a potential client is a user or non-user of a facility . The data are from two surveys in rural Tanzania. Three models are tested separately for females and males. The important determinants of perceived quality among women and men are: perceived time to the facility, maternal and child health service availability, size of the facility, and type of facility. The data only explain a moderate amount of the variance in the quality measures, indicating that perceived quality is a difficult concept to quantify. Future surveys of facility quality need to include information on perceptions directly linked to objective traits to better determine how to improve perceived quality with the goal of increasing contraceptive use.
[ Full text ]
The Implementation and Management of Food Security Database (FDSbase): An Overview and A Proposal for Improvement
Tanzania United Republic / Ministry of Agriculture , 2000
[ Full text ]
Infant and young child feeding practices among African pastoralists: The Datoga of Tanzania
J. biosoc. Sci. (1998) 30,481-499
Sellen, Daniel W. , 1998
[ Full text ]
Introduction of forage choppers in livestock production systems in Tanzania
Proceedings of FoA conference Vol.4, 1999
Lazaro, E.A Turuka, F.M. Mdowe, N.S.Y / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
Future intensive and suitable livestock production systems, requires a thorough knowledge of the potentials and limitations of the system. Forage availability is one of the important factors determining the potential of a given ruminant livestock production system. It is more important in intensive and semi-intensive systems where livestock are zero grazed. A project is conducted in livestock systems in Arumeru Districts aimed at improving forage availability by introducing a forage chopper. The methodology used to introduce the choppers involved four stages; i) exploratory survey, ii) training workshop iii) dissemination and iv) monitoring and evaluation. The use of forage chopper has: i) improved the efficiency of forage utilization about 75% ii) reducing labour required for forage gathering more than 50% and iii) reduced women s labour. The project has also created awareness of the existence of the technology for forage handling and identified possibilities for improving the technology. The positive the intensive response to the technology is an indication of the existence of a high potential for improving the intensive and semi-intensive livestock systems through the introduction of labour saving technologies
[ Full text ]
Intruduction to soil classification
compendium of undergraduate lecture notes
Msanya, Balthazar / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 2001
[ Full text ]
Is community based wildlife management gender sensitive? experiences from Selous Conservation Programme in Tanzania
Uongozi Journal of Management Development, Vol. 11 No. 2 1999
Songorwa, Alexander N. / Uongozi Journal of Management Development , 1999
Abstract :
Community-based Wildlife Management (CWM) - commonly known in Tanzania as Community-Based Conservation (CSC) - is a new approach to wildlife management. It has been Introduced in Tanzania, and in some other African countries, as an alternative or supplement to the American National Park model, which is now perceived, by many conservationists, to have failed to protect wildlife, especially outside protected areas. In CWM governments are expected to devolve ownership of (or at least user rights for), control over and management responsibilities for wildlife to local communities. The approach is based on a number of principles, one being that community members, both male and female, have to fully participate and benefit from a programme. Using the CWM component of Selous Conservation Programme in Tanzania, this study examines how a CWM programme can impact negatively on village women. The study also examines the level of women's participation in such programmes and identifies reasons for their poor or lack of participation.
[ Full text ]
Is tourism a key sector in Tanzania? Input-output analysis of income, output, employment and tax revenue
Discussion Paper 2001/1
Josaphat Kweka; Oliver Morrissey; Adam Blake / The University of Nottingham Christel Dehaan Tourism and Travel Research Institute , 2001
Abstract :
In most developing countries endowed with significant tourist attractions, tourism has emerged as a new impetus for economic growth, given its ability to generate foreign exchange and employment. This study uses input-output analysis to estimate the economic impact of tourism and assess whether it is a key sector for the Tanzanian economy. The findings show that tourism has a significant impact on output, which is due to its strong inter-sector and linkage effects. The income impact of tourism is insignificant, presumably due to low value added in production. However, tourism is identified as a key sector in the economy, which attests its potential to enhance economic growth.
[ Full text ]
Land characteristics, run-off and potential for rainwater harvesting in semi-arid areas of Tanzania
Tanzanin Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.2 No.2 1999
Rwehumbiza, F.B.R; Hatiby, N.; Machibya, M / Journal of , 1999
Abstract :
Effective utilization of rainfall in semi-arid is very much dependent on land characteristics, land use, and management practices. Important land characteristics include soil type, soil hydraulic properties down the profile, soil variation along the catena, slope and vegetation cover. In most semi-arid areas of Tanzania, three soil types dominate the catena. The top of the catena is normally occupied by lithisols. The middle part is usually subjected to erosion and is occupied by a complex of soils but usually Cambisols/Arenosols/Ferrosols. Soils with verlic properties commonly Vertisols are found at the the bottom of the catena. The relative proportions of the three sections in a given catena, how they are used and managed, dermine the amout of runoff, erosion and the potential for rainwater harvesting (RWH). These factors also have a very important influence on the ability of the soil to receive, store, redistribute and release rainwater. This paper presents case studies from sites in Mwanga, Same, Morogoro and Maswa districts, Tanzania to elaborate the role of these factors in RWH. It is concluded that the landscape is an important factor in determining yield, control and management of runoff, and hence potential for RWH. The catena is a natural set-up for rainwater harvesting where the top section acts as natural generator of runoff and the bottom section as natural receiver.
[ Full text ]
Letter of Intent of the government of Tanzania, which describes the policies that Tanzania intends to implement in the context of its request for financial support from the IMF.
Tanzania letter of intent and technical memorandum of understanding,
Tanzania United Republic; IMF , 2001
[ Full text ]
The local government reform process and sub-district development management issues in Tanzania
Lerise, F / University College of Lands and Architectural Studies , 1998
[ Full text ]
Local involvement in donor funded conservation programs: a case study of the EUCAMP program in Amani Forest
Montgomery, Maggie Kihiyo, , 1999
[ Full text ]
The management of industrial reforms in Tanzania: perspectives and new challenges
Mbelle, A.; Shitundu, J
[ Full text ]
Mkulima na uhakika wa chakula: Mwenendo wa warsha ya wakulima wa kanda ya Nyanda za Juu Kusini iliyofanyika katika kituo cha Nazareti, Njombe 13-15 November 2000
Uhakika wa chakula na pato la kaya kwa wakulima wadogowadogo Tanzania: Mradi unaotilia mkazo wanawake
Bakari A. M. , 2000
[ Full text ]
Muheza district council: three year strategic development plan, 2000-2002
A plan of the people of Muheza district
Muheza District Council , 2000
[ Full text ]
Muscle distribution in farm animals: comparison between goats and other farm animals
Tanzania Journal of Agriculture Sciences, Vol. 1 No. 1 June 1998
Mtenga, L.A.; Owen, E.; Muhikambele, V.R.M , 1998
Abstract :
Eight male goats were slaughtered at 36 kg live weight (approximately two thirds of mature weight) and dissected into individual anatomic muscle. Weights of individual muscles were then grouped into 8 funtional units and compared with published data on bulls, rams and boars. These was a wide species difference in "size index" muscles. Abdominal wall index was highest in boars followed by goats, bulls and rams, the value being 108, 100,93 and 90 respectively. Goats had higher indices in four functional units: agility, locomotion, supporting muscles and specialised functional muscles. Muscle data of goats indicated that goats are most aggressive followed by bulls, rams and pigs
[ Full text ]
National environmental policy for Zanzibar
Zanzibar Revolutionary Government / Ministry of Water, Construction, Energy, Lands and Environment , 1992
[ Full text ]
Nutritional quality and factors affecting production of commercial poultry feeds in Dar es Salaam
Proceeding of FoA conference Vol. 4, 1999
Laswai, G.H.; H. Sentozi / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality and factors effecting production of quality commercial poultry feeds in Dar es Salaam city. Five different types of poultry feeds were sample using spot sampling method in nine out of 18 feed industries surveyed in Dar es Salaam. The feed types were layers, breeders, broilers, growers and chick starter mashes. Values of proximate analysis, calcium and phosphorus contents were determined and metabolisable energy predicted on the samples and compares with the recommended standards. Information o the factors affecting production and quality of feeds were obtained from the industry officials and personnel observations. All breeder sash samples exhibited lower energy content but sufficient crude protein when compared with the recommended values. Layers feed sample form industry 1 had the lowest crude protein (13.1% DM) whereas that from 1 had highest crude fibre (13.5% DM) content. More than 60 percent of the broiler feed samples were deficient in calcium, with average of 1.2 and 1.0% DM, respectively. All feed samples analysed had higher levels of ether extract and ash contents than the recommended standards. Inadequate supply of good quality control was among the major factors affecting production and quality of poultry feeds in Dar es Salaam. The study concluded that all the feeds sampled in Dar es Salaam have unbalanced nutrients and may adversely affect the performance of birds. Further studies were recommended o continuous assessment of the feeds, including essential amino acids, vitamins, safety and hygiene conditions.
[ Full text ]
The past, present and future of urban agriculture in Tanzania
Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development Vol.3 June, 1999
Mvena, Zebedayo S.K / Journal ofAgricu lture Economics and Development , 1999
Abstract :
Urban agriculture in Tanzania has been in existence for many decades. Presently urban agriculture is both extensive and intensive. Urban farmers come from all walks of life. From highly placed government civil servants and wealthy businessmen to the most disadvantaged slum dwellers. Urban agriculture is constrained by a number of factors including the legal restrictions which dictate the type of crops to be planted and the number of livestock an urban farmer should keep. This paper highlights the potential of urban agriculture, its constraints and possible solutions.
[ Full text ]
Polygyny and child growth in a trasitional pastoral society:the case of the Datoga of Tanzania
Human Nature, Vol. No. 4, Pg. 329-371
Sallen, Daniel , 1998
[ Full text ]
Poverty and Welfare Monitoring Indicators
Tanzania United Republic / Vice President's Office , 1999
[ Full text ]
Poverty reduction and education
A draft contribution to the TAS document
Tanzania United Republic , 2000
[ Full text ]
Poverty reduction and employment
Final report
Tanzania United Republic , 2000
[ Full text ]
Poverty reduction and rural water supply
Tanzania United Republic / Ministry of Water , 2000
[ Full text ]
Priority areas for investment in agricultural sector
presentation made to the US business community in South African to explore commercial opportunities in Tanzania
Zanzibar Revolutionary Government / Ministry of Agriculture , Livestock and Natural Resources Zanziba. , 2000
[ Full text ]
Rain water Harvesting for Agriculture in Semi-Arid Areas of Tanzania: getting the policies right
Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development Vol. 3 June, 1999
Hatibu, Nuhu / Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) , 1999
[ Full text ]
Ranking food security planning objectives in Tanzania using the analytic hierarchy process
Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development Vol. 3 June, 1999
Alphonce, Christian B. , 1999
Abstract :
This paper proposes a systematic methodology for ranking of the multiple often conflicting food security planning objectives in Tanzania a typical low income food deficit developing country. First, a hierarchy of food security planning objectives is developed from an extensive literature survey of food security in low income food deficit developing countries. Then, analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to analyse the preference judgment elicited from experts in food security planning. Finally, a priority structure is established reflecting the perceived importance of these food security planning objectives. This methodology can assist food security planners and decision makers in low income food deficit developing countries in formulating effective and efficient plans consistent with national objectives.
[ Full text ]
Refugees in the context of population dynamics and economic development: analysis with applications to Tanzania
Mtatifikolo, Fidelis P. / University of Dar es Salaam
Abstract :
In this paper the Refugees Problem is cast in the framework of the "Population and Development Question" Inflows and outflows of fleeing persons (refugees as defined in the Global convention) are seen as some form of (abnormal) Population Dynamic. The empirical part uses Tanzania as a case study. The following have been established as the main findings: That generally refugees are viewed with hostility in countries of destination and the statutes controlling them are strict, stringent, rigid and tend to regard them as some semi criminals or prisoners. That Refugees viewed in the context of population dynamic are an abnormal form of migration: forced, mostly random, disorganized and usually chaotic. It may involve the most "Vulnerable" part of the population too: children and women. That the bottom line in the Population-Development Question is about harmonious coexistence in the force of population changes and socio-economic development. Refugees as a form of population dynamic features negatively in this on account of (a) sudden, forceful and massive operations allowing limited or no time for integration (b) displaced person usually flee with little or no economic means, and (c) no credible system exists globally for refugees unconditional absorption in the labour process in the host countries. That the historical case for Tanzania reveal some transition: from "open sympathy" for refugees in the 60s to mid 80s to "Open Sympathy Fatigue" if not open hostility in the 90s. The elaborate programmes for refugees integration in the 70s to mid 80s have been replaced with quick solutions of repatriation (forceful repatriation sometimes) That the recent waves of refugees between 1993 and 1996 have negatively (on a net basis) impacted on the economy of Tanzania, amidst dwindling international direct material support for refugees on a per capital basis. Both economic and social sectors have suffered heavily. A few recommendations have been floated:
[ Full text ]
Role of information technology in agriculture
Proceedings of FoA conference Vol.4, 1999
Kaaya, Janet / Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives , 1999
Abstract :
This paper highlights the issues related to the role of information technology (IT) in agriculture with emphasis on developing countries, especially Africa and Tanzania in particular. It summarises the importance of information in generating and disseminating agricultural technologies. The paper further focuses on current developments in information technology covering various IT device and their applications in information management. The paper also outline the current initiative to improve information infrastructure in Africa together with ongoing projects in Tanzania, which aim at facilitating agricultural development through application of information technology. Finally, the paper gives list of policy statements on agricultural information issues as extracted from the current Agricultural and Livestock Policy of Tanzania.
[ Full text ]
Safe motherhood programme URT/98/p02: a component project of RH sub-programme in Tanzania
Annual progress report for the year 2000
Zanzibar Revulutionary Government / Ministry of Health- Zanzibar , 2000
[ Full text ]
Sera ya elimu Zanzibar
Zanzibar Serikali ya Mapinduzi / Wizara ya Elimu - Zanzibar , 1991
[ Full text ]
Small farmer production in Tanzania: constraints and supply response
Kaganda, Charles P.
Abstract :
This paper discusses the supply response of small farmer with respect to three factors: incentives, constraints and innovations. It describes a conceivable development process starting from a situation where capacity is under utilised because price incentives are not powerful enough to induce the farmer to produce more to a situation where the farmer reaches his capacity limit in terms of the crop that is given priority by the government through price changes. Finally it traces production increases in response to technical innovations.
[ Full text ]
Small holder farmers' perception of extension by gender in Tanzania
Due, Jean M; Magayane, Flavianus; Temu, Anna A / Sokoine University of Agriculture University of Illinois
[ Full text ]
A small push goes a long way: farmers' participation in rainwater harvesting technology development
Tanzania Journal of Agriculture Vol.2 No.2 1999
Lazaro, E.A; Senkondo, E.M.M; Bakari, A.; Kishebuka, S.R; Kajiru, G.J / Sokoine University of Agriculture Ukiriguru Agricultural research Institute
, 1999
Abstract :
Farmer participation in decision-making at various phases of project implementation contributes very highly to project success. The Soil Water Management Research Programme (SWMRP) has gained valuable experience in the involvement of farmer in all phases during the implementation of the programme. The programme used the following instruments to ensure farmer participation: · Socio economic surveys including Participatory and Rapid Rural Appraisals. · Farmer participation in on-farm experimentation. · Participatory technology evaluation through workshop and seminars aimed at monitoring project performance and getting feedback from stakeholders. The process of farmer participation evolved over the duration of the project. Lessons learnt at the beginning were incorporated in the research process over time. Initially, the planning of the experiments did not fully allow for farmer participation. This shortcoming was later rectified. And, more farmer participation was allowed. Among the achievements of the project is the construction of water diversion canal worth about Tanzanian shillings 1.28 million in Hedaru village, same district. The structure is currently supplying water to about 45 hectares in the village. The programme contributed only 18% of the total cost in terms of materials (6%) and technical support (12%). Farmers participation enable mobilization of resources worth the remaining 82% of the total cost. The contribution was in the form of cash, labour, materials and decision-making. This paper analyses the process of farmer participation in this programme and how it has influenced the performance of the programme. It is concluded that, with effective participation, minimum external support (small push) can result into substantial achievements.
[ Full text ]
Small scale industries, employment and earnings in developing contries: looking back at some debate issues
Tanzania Journal of Population Studies and Development, Vol.6 Nos. 162, 1998
Mtatifikolo, Fidelis P.
Abstract :
This article provides an eclectic overview of the main issues and evidence in the debate of small scale industries, and their role in the economic development of developing countries. The substantive sections of the article deal with concepts and definitions, standard characteristics and trends, and the debate on the main strands characterising the perceived role of these industries. The following are the major findings and conclusions: (a) Small scale industries are a significant component of the industrial sector in many developing countries, and they constitute the bulk of industrial employment because they are relatively more labour intensive and less capital intensive, (b) Such industries show significant dispersion to rural areas, and small townships. Employment generated by them in such areas is more pronounced than that in more urbanised areas. Being more dispersed, and providing significant employment, they maximise dissemination of increased income and spatial income equity without the need for explicit government fiscal measures of redistribution. (c) Small scale industries are less demanding of skills and capital and have higher flexibility and adaptability to schools that affect demand. (d) Even as the average size of small scale industries increases as economies grow there is significant evidence of continued coexistence of large and small scale industries. Backward and forward linkages exist too with agriculture and the services sectors. Small scale industries are therefore not necessarily a transitory phase of industrialisation.
[ Full text ]
Social-demographic context of the AIDS epidemic in rural area in Tanzania with focus on people's mobility and marriage
Boerma, J. Tie [et al] / Measure Evaluation , 2001
Abstract :
This paper describes the context of the AIDS epidemic in a small rural area in Tanzania, where a population of about 20,000 people has been followed since 1994. The current analysis includes the period 1994-1998 and focuses on population characteristics rather than individual risk factors. Special attention is given to people's mobility and marriage patterns and how these relate to sexual behavior and HIV infection at the community level. It is shown that mobility and marriage are critical contextual factors in this population, and sexual mixing is dynamic and diffuse. It does not appear to be possible to identify and target spread or maintenance networks. In terms of interventions, this does not mean that focusing interventions is not possible. However, an area-based strategy seems more feasible and more suitable than an approach aimed at high-risk networks.
[ Full text ]
Some basic statistics on higher learning institutions in Tanzania
Tanzania United Republic / Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education. , 1995
[ Full text ]
Sources of funding for non-governmental organisations
Tanzania United Republic / Office of the vice president , 2000
[ Full text ]
Statement by His excellency Dr. Ali Mohamed Shein, Vice President of the United Republic of Tanzania at the opening of the LDCs Trade ministers meeting, Zanzibar, 24 July, 2001
Tanzania United Republic , 2001
[ Full text ]
STD services for women at truck stop in Tanzania: evaluation of acceptable approaches
East African Medical Journal Vol. 74 No.6 June, 1997
Nyamuryekung'e K; Laukamm-Josten, U.; Vuylsteke, B.; Mbuya, C; Hemelmann, C.; Outwater, A.; Steen, R.; Ocheng, D.; Msauka, A; Dallbetta, G. , 1997
Abstract :
AIDS continues to be the commonest cause of death in Tanzania among those aged between 15 and 45 years. Both ulcerative and non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases have been identified as major co-factors in HIV transmission. Certain groups including long distance truck drives and their sexual partners have been reported as having disproportionate effect on the transmission dynamics of STD including HIV, a population. In 1993 African Medical and Research Foundation decided to add and STD component to their HIV/AIDS presentation programme along, The Tanzania-Zambia highway, which had been targeting truck drivers and their sexual partners through peer education and condom distribution since 1989. A study to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of four different approaches of delivering STD services was conducted over a period of one year. The approaches for delivering STD services were: special STD services offered twice a week at a site and at hours of the women s choice, special outreach services once every three months, or STD services integrated into the nearest Primary Health Clinic. Drugs were provided at three of the four interventions. 1,330 women at seven truck stops participated in the evaluation study. The women were generally satisfied withal approaches that included the provision of drugs. The most expensive and ineffective way of treating STD was not by providing drugs. These findings confirm the fact that it is feasible to provide STD services to women at high risk in HIV high transmission areas. These women would utilise STD services provided in a manner that suits them if mobilised and encouraged by their peer educators.
[ Full text ]
Strengthening population policy coordination and implementation in Zanzibar
Project agreement between the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and The United Nations Population Fund
Tanzania United Republic; United Nations Population Fund , 1998
[ Full text ]
Structural adjustment and intersectoral shifts in Tanzania: a computable general equilibrium analysis
Research report, 117
Wobst, Peter / International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) , 2001
[ Full text ]
Survival and accumulation strategies at the rural-urban interface: as study of Ifakara town, Tanzania
research report
Chamwali, Anthony Alifa / REPOA , 2000
[ Full text ]
Tanzania assistance strategy: HIV/AIDS
TAS working paper
Tanzania United Republic , 2000
[ Full text ]
Tanzania Assistance Strategy: the road sector
TAS working paper
Tanzania United Republic / Tanzania Assistances Strategy (TAS) , 2000
[ Full text ]
The Tanzania Human Resource Development Survey
The World Bank Tanzania United Republic / University of Dar es Salaam Planning Commission , 1997
Abstract :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Tanzania Human Resource Development Survey covered 5,184 households in mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, and consisted of a household survey, a limited community questionnaire, and a price questionnaire. The field work took place between August 1993 and January 1994 for mainland Tanzania, and during July 1994 for Zanzibar. The survey was sponsored by The Population and Human Resources Division of the Eastern Africa Department of The World Bank, in collaboration with the University of Dar es Salaam and the Government of Tanzania's Planning Commission.
[ Full text ]
Tanzania reproductive and child health facility survey
Tanzania United Republic / National Bureau of Statistics Measure Evaluation , 1999
[ Full text ]
Tanzania's agriculture development towards the 21st century
Journal of Agriculture Economics and Development Vol. 3 June 1999
Mlambiti, M.E Isinika, A.C / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
Agriculture has always been the backbone of the economy in Tanzania, accounting for about 57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), over 80% of employment and contributing to more than 70% of export earnings. The importance of the agricultural sector is envisaged to continue into the present (21st ) century. This paper examines the performance of the agricultural sector as Tanzania approaches the 21st century in terms of output and productivity trends as they relate to level of use for use for various inputs. The data presented indicate that agricultural growth logged below GDP by as much as 65% in the period of 19976-19980. Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% of the DGP between 1981-85 to over 20% during the period 1986-94. Meanwhile, the food security situation remains unreliable and incidences of severe malnutrition for children can reach 9% in some places. Much of the agricultural potential in Tanzania remains untapped due to technological, financial and institutional constraints. It is argued that if agriculture is expected to contribute to the development of this country, the government must pay attention on the moves of the sector, which include technology, institutions, human resources and enabling environment.
[ Full text ]
Tanzania: Statistical Annex
IMF , 2000
[ Full text ]
Tax administration and tax reform: reflections on the Tanzania experience 1986-1996
Mpango, Philip / University of Dar es Salaam
Abstract :
The paper attempts to make a factual assessment of the impact of the substantial efforts made to reform the tax system in Tanzania over the period 1986-96 specifically, our main objective is to assess the effect of the key elements of the tax reform namely, rationalisation of the tax not structure, reorganization of the tax administration machinery, and strengthening tax collection. On tax reform performance. This paper employs various measures of tax revue yield to show that the tax reform measures did not safeguard the productivity of the tax system. In spite of significant improvements in tax administration, individual tax performance remained mixed while the overall tax-GDP ration decline. Buoyancy ratios also corroborate the low tax productivity trends. The unsatisfactory tax performance is attributed to weaknesses in tax administration, manifested in the prevalence of leakage of government revenue. The latter is indicated by the low import duty collection ratios compared to the average scheduled tariff rtes, the significant magnitudes of under-invoicing of imports derived here, and sizeable exemptions. In order to improve the productivity of the tax system in the next decade, the paper suggests that the next phase of the tax reform progrmme should focus on the following key elements; further rationalisation of the tax system concurrent with stronger enforcement measures; registration taxpayers; establishing the potential tax bases; prompt introduction of VAT as planned; effecting higher remuneration to the middle level cadre of the TRA staff; eliminating tax exemptions altogether; and widening the tax base by sealing the major leakages in government revenue.
[ Full text ]
Trainer's guide for home based care providers
Tanzania United Republic / Ministry of Health , 1999
[ Full text ]
The treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community
EAC publication I
East African Community Jumuiya ya Africa Mashariki , 2000
[ Full text ]
The Ulanga district support programme morogoro Region: A poverty profile (Qualitative assessment)
Volume volume two: main report
Ballart, Angelina / Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre Irish Embassy - Dar es Salaam , 1996
[ Full text ]
The Ulanga district support programme Morogoro region: a poverty profile (qualitative assessment)
Volume three : Appendices
Angelina, Ballart / Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre Irish Embassy - Dar es Salaam , 1996
[ Full text ]
The Ulanga district support programme Morogoro region: a poverty profile (qualitative assessment)
Volume one: executive summary
Ballart, Angelina / Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre Irish Embassy - Dar es Salaam , 1996
[ Full text ]
The use of computer simulation to assess the suitability of RWH technology intervention in Semi-arid Tanzania
Tanzania Journal of Agriculture Vol,2 No.2 1999
Gowing,J.W.; Young, M.D.B.; Rwehumbiza, F.B.R , 1999
Abstract :
Experimental research into soil water management, whether on a research station or on farmers fields, is necessarily restricted to specific sites over limited time interval. Meaningful extrapolation is problem. With this in mind, the SUA Newcastle RWH project pursued a twin-track approach in which the experiment effort was linked to the development of a simulation model, which was designed to assess the suitability of RWH technology interventions for any new site. The simulation model is briefly described and typical examples of its use as a tool for agro technology transfer are presented. The interface is user friendly and the model itself is designed to work with readily available site data, long-term simulation at a new site can be easily achieved to permit evaluation of average performance and/or variability and risk. The yield-gap under existing practice can be evaluated alongside predicted performance under improved practice. Examples of the application he model are given for a maize cropping system and for a rain-fed rice cropping system in two different region of Tanzania
[ Full text ]
The use of labour-intensive irrigation technologies in alleviating poverty in Majengo, Mbeya rural district
Research report No.98.3
Shitundu, Joseph; Luvanga, Nathanael / University of Dar es Salaam , 1998
[ Full text ]
Value adding through Agro-processing in Tanzanias' liberalised economic environment: some thoughts for the new millennium
Proceedings of FoA conference Vol. 4, 1999
Kurwijila, L.R / Sokoine University of Agriculture , 1999
Abstract :
The paper presents a brief review of Tanzania s agro-industrial development since independence and during the period of a centrally planned economy. The main focus was on import substitution industries and sometimes import/export dependant industries, which did not perform well due to either under capacity utilisation or poor management or sheer economic uncompetitive ness. The paper further highlights on conditions necessary for success of agro-processing industries in Tanzania: type of products: choice of technology and scale of operation: cost of products, quality aspects and marketing and promotion. Finally, it is argued that Tanzania required the correct policy frame with regard to internal and external trade policies which will enable agro-processing industries to grow and prosper in an increasingly globalise free market economy. The paper concluded by giving a case study in slide series of small processing ventures and appropriate small scale dairy processing technologies.
[ Full text ]
What is all this song and dance about?
Ng'atigwa, Charles , 2001
Abstract :
"Mbina ya Mabala (Dance of the environment) is doing the right thing. They sing in the language we know and they act out the issues that really touch us....This makes it possible to not just understand but also to follow what they are talking about...
[ Full text ]
Youth unemployment in Tanzania nature, magnitude and proposals for possible solution
Revised report submitted to ILO-EAMAT
Mjema, G.D / Economic research bureau, University of Dar es Salaam , 1999
[ Full text ]
The Zanzibar free economic zones authority Act, 1992
Zanzibar Government , 1994
[ Full text ]
HOW TO RECEIVE DOCUMENTS BY EMAIL
If you have limited or no access to the Internet, you may request for email service by registering at the home page or you may send an email to the address below.
For more information about Tanzania Online please contact:
The Co-ordinator
Tanzania Online
Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF)
P.O. Box 31226
Dar es Salaam
TANZANIA
Tel: +255 - 22 - 2760260
Fax: +255 - 22 - 2760062; +255 - 741 - 324508
E-mail: tzonline@xxxxxxxxxx
Web: www.esrf.or.tz
If you do not want to receive this list again, you can email us on the address above and say unsubscribe .
[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next]
[Date Index]
[Thread Index]
Last Updated: Thu Mar 15 00:15:07 2007
|
